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Name	Size	Permission
bundler	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
cgi	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
csv	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
digest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
drb	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
e2mmap	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
fiddle	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
fileutils	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
forwardable	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
io	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
irb	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
json	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
matrix	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
net	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
openssl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
optparse	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
psych	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
racc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
rdoc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
rexml	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
rinda	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
ripper	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
rss	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
rubygems	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
shell	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
syslog	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
thwait	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
tracer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
unicode_normalize	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
uri	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
webrick	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
x86_64-linux	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
yaml	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
English.rb	6.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
abbrev.rb	3.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
base64.rb	3.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
benchmark.rb	18.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
bigdecimal.rb	179 B	-rw-r--r--
bundler.rb	17.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
cgi.rb	9.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmath.rb	9.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
coverage.rb	368 B	-rw-r--r--
csv.rb	52 KB	-rw-r--r--
date.rb	1.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
debug.rb	29.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
delegate.rb	10.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
digest.rb	2.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
drb.rb	50 B	-rw-r--r--
e2mmap.rb	3.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
erb.rb	28.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
expect.rb	2.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
fiddle.rb	1.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
fileutils.rb	47.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
find.rb	2.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
forwardable.rb	8.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
getoptlong.rb	15.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
ipaddr.rb	19.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
irb.rb	22.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
json.rb	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
kconv.rb	5.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
logger.rb	23.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
matrix.rb	60.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
mkmf.rb	84.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
monitor.rb	7.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
mutex_m.rb	2.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
observer.rb	5.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
open-uri.rb	25.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
open3.rb	21.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
openssl.rb	469 B	-rw-r--r--
optionparser.rb	59 B	-rw-r--r--
optparse.rb	57.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
ostruct.rb	10.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
pathname.rb	16.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
pp.rb	15.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
prettyprint.rb	15.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
prime.rb	12.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
profile.rb	235 B	-rw-r--r--
profiler.rb	4.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
pstore.rb	14.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
psych.rb	21.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
rdoc.rb	4.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
resolv-replace.rb	1.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
resolv.rb	73.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
ripper.rb	2.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
rss.rb	2.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
rubygems.rb	36.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
scanf.rb	23.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
securerandom.rb	8.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
set.rb	24.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
shell.rb	11.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
shellwords.rb	6.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
singleton.rb	4.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
socket.rb	43.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
sync.rb	7.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
tempfile.rb	11.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
thwait.rb	3.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
time.rb	23.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
timeout.rb	3.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
tmpdir.rb	4.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
tracer.rb	6.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
tsort.rb	14.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
un.rb	9.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
uri.rb	3.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
weakref.rb	1.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
webrick.rb	6.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
yaml.rb	1.81 KB	-rw-r--r--

Code Editor : observer.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# Implementation of the _Observer_ object-oriented design pattern.  The
# following documentation is copied, with modifications, from "Programming
# Ruby", by Hunt and Thomas; http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/html/lib_patterns.html.
#
# See Observable for more info.

# The Observer pattern (also known as publish/subscribe) provides a simple
# mechanism for one object to inform a set of interested third-party objects
# when its state changes.
#
# == Mechanism
#
# The notifying class mixes in the +Observable+
# module, which provides the methods for managing the associated observer
# objects.
#
# The observable object must:
# * assert that it has +#changed+
# * call +#notify_observers+
#
# An observer subscribes to updates using Observable#add_observer, which also
# specifies the method called via #notify_observers. The default method for
# #notify_observers is #update.
#
# === Example
#
# The following example demonstrates this nicely.  A +Ticker+, when run,
# continually receives the stock +Price+ for its <tt>@symbol</tt>.  A +Warner+
# is a general observer of the price, and two warners are demonstrated, a
# +WarnLow+ and a +WarnHigh+, which print a warning if the price is below or
# above their set limits, respectively.
#
# The +update+ callback allows the warners to run without being explicitly
# called.  The system is set up with the +Ticker+ and several observers, and the
# observers do their duty without the top-level code having to interfere.
#
# Note that the contract between publisher and subscriber (observable and
# observer) is not declared or enforced.  The +Ticker+ publishes a time and a
# price, and the warners receive that.  But if you don't ensure that your
# contracts are correct, nothing else can warn you.
#
#   require "observer"
#
#   class Ticker          ### Periodically fetch a stock price.
#     include Observable
#
#     def initialize(symbol)
#       @symbol = symbol
#     end
#
#     def run
#       last_price = nil
#       loop do
#         price = Price.fetch(@symbol)
#         print "Current price: #{price}\n"
#         if price != last_price
#           changed                 # notify observers
#           last_price = price
#           notify_observers(Time.now, price)
#         end
#         sleep 1
#       end
#     end
#   end
#
#   class Price           ### A mock class to fetch a stock price (60 - 140).
#     def self.fetch(symbol)
#       60 + rand(80)
#     end
#   end
#
#   class Warner          ### An abstract observer of Ticker objects.
#     def initialize(ticker, limit)
#       @limit = limit
#       ticker.add_observer(self)
#     end
#   end
#
#   class WarnLow < Warner
#     def update(time, price)       # callback for observer
#       if price < @limit
#         print "--- #{time.to_s}: Price below #@limit: #{price}\n"
#       end
#     end
#   end
#
#   class WarnHigh < Warner
#     def update(time, price)       # callback for observer
#       if price > @limit
#         print "+++ #{time.to_s}: Price above #@limit: #{price}\n"
#       end
#     end
#   end
#
#   ticker = Ticker.new("MSFT")
#   WarnLow.new(ticker, 80)
#   WarnHigh.new(ticker, 120)
#   ticker.run
#
# Produces:
#
#   Current price: 83
#   Current price: 75
#   --- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 75
#   Current price: 90
#   Current price: 134
#   +++ Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price above 120: 134
#   Current price: 134
#   Current price: 112
#   Current price: 79
#   --- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 79
module Observable

#
  # Add +observer+ as an observer on this object. So that it will receive
  # notifications.
  #
  # +observer+:: the object that will be notified of changes.
  # +func+:: Symbol naming the method that will be called when this Observable
  #          has changes.
  #
  #          This method must return true for +observer.respond_to?+ and will
  #          receive <tt>*arg</tt> when #notify_observers is called, where
  #          <tt>*arg</tt> is the value passed to #notify_observers by this
  #          Observable
  def add_observer(observer, func=:update)
    @observer_peers = {} unless defined? @observer_peers
    unless observer.respond_to? func
      raise NoMethodError, "observer does not respond to `#{func}'"
    end
    @observer_peers[observer] = func
  end

#
  # Remove +observer+ as an observer on this object so that it will no longer
  # receive notifications.
  #
  # +observer+:: An observer of this Observable
  def delete_observer(observer)
    @observer_peers.delete observer if defined? @observer_peers
  end

#
  # Remove all observers associated with this object.
  #
  def delete_observers
    @observer_peers.clear if defined? @observer_peers
  end

#
  # Return the number of observers associated with this object.
  #
  def count_observers
    if defined? @observer_peers
      @observer_peers.size
    else
      0
    end
  end

#
  # Set the changed state of this object.  Notifications will be sent only if
  # the changed +state+ is +true+.
  #
  # +state+:: Boolean indicating the changed state of this Observable.
  #
  def changed(state=true)
    @observer_state = state
  end

#
  # Returns true if this object's state has been changed since the last
  # #notify_observers call.
  #
  def changed?
    if defined? @observer_state and @observer_state
      true
    else
      false
    end
  end

#
  # Notify observers of a change in state *if* this object's changed state is
  # +true+.
  #
  # This will invoke the method named in #add_observer, passing <tt>*arg</tt>.
  # The changed state is then set to +false+.
  #
  # <tt>*arg</tt>:: Any arguments to pass to the observers.
  def notify_observers(*arg)
    if defined? @observer_state and @observer_state
      if defined? @observer_peers
        @observer_peers.each do |k, v|
          k.send v, *arg
        end
      end
      @observer_state = false
    end
  end

end

${this.title}

Code Editor : observer.rb